29
October
2006
I have finally purchased a cell phone, which I have added to my contact information page. The Country Code is 255, number 0786450863. From the US I believe you can dial 011-255-786-450-863 (skipping the 0 at the start of the number). I can receive calls for free and am usually available all day Sunday – other days it may vary.
All with the other PCTs, I went to the Mikumi National Park this weekend. I saw giraffes, zebras, hippos, crocodiles, gazelles, elephants, warthogs and assorted other animals. This is supposedly a great time of the year to see many animals – no lions or leopards however. The next time I am able to get online, I will add these pictures to my photo gallery, so stay tuned.
By far I have felt more American this weekend than any other time here in Tanzania. Going on safari with a large group of Americans and speaking predominantly English was certainly the main reason. On top of that, I am voting in the upcoming election, and the PCTs all had a Halloween/toga party in Mikumi town. I ate my first bit of junk food on the road trip and, after returning, ordered pasta carbonara at an Italian cafe. On the one hand, it was a great time, a wonderful and well-deserved break from studying, and a nice adventure. On the other hand, I am glad to be back in Morogoro and ready to get back to Kiswahili and the Tanzanian life style. I will be getting back on the daladala (crowded mini-bus) to my house shortly and attending another first communion party. So, I should be back in the swing of things soon enough.
Feeling so especially American, however, I thought that it would be a good time to share a few cultural observations about how Tanzanians view Americans and about what elements of American culture have an impact here.
To start, I should describe my first night with my host family. The electricity was working, so the family had the television on; they were watching WWE professional wrestling. Everyone cheered and yelled at the TV and asked who my favorite wrestlers were. Not having kept up with the sport/activity for some time, the only wrestlers I knew were relatively unfamilar. I did get something of a knowing nod when I explained that Hulk Hogan came from my home town. At first I thought that maybe the family had put this on simply to make me feel at home. But no, I’m pretty sure they would have been watching anyway, especially since it seems to be fairly ubiquitous. Baseball, American football, basketball and hockey are nowhere to be seen, but everyone loves American wrestling. Go figure.
The other most obvious influence of American culture that you encounter here is American clothing. T-shirts, although far more expensive than locally made shirts (because they have to be imported) are quite popular. It also seems that every shirt you may have sent to Goodwill has ended up here. I have seen t-shirts for “Hooters – Clearwater, FL”, church picnics in Oklahoma, Dominos pizza, and etc. The printing is pretty much irrelevant, since most Tanzanians do not read English. Other than American t-shirts, there are also quite a few Jamaican t-shirts, Bob Marley, marijuana leaves and etc. I have seen some local t-shirts, usually pictures of President Jakaya or Mwalimu J. K. Nyerere (Baba wa Taifa – “father of the country).
While Tanzanians seem particularly concerned with President Bush, they also seem to recognize that many Americans do not support him. Unlike many other places in the world, however, Tanzanians seem to approach the subject of American foreign policy in their typically polite and cautious fashion. “Which president do you prefer” they sometimes ask, “George Bush or Bill Clinton?” Rather than rant or rave about the war in Iraq, however, I have heard much more in the way of puzzlement as to why Bush seems to like war so much. I usually do not have much of answer here, except to discuss the military-industrial-congressional complex that continues to profit from war and destruction. After detailing to one Tanzanian how the B-52 bomber has different parts produced throughout the entire country so as to make its cancellation politically unlikely, I was told it explained a great deal about our foreign policy.
Another Tanzanian perception of Americans seems to be that we are obsessed with sex. Women who expose their shoulders, mid-section or knees, smoke, or accept drinks from men are often assumed to be prostitutes (or at least inviting sexual attention) over here. Therefore, this makes the behaviors of many female American tourists seem quite suspect. There is also virtually no male-female friendships that are not sanctioned either through familial or occupational association. Therefore, men and women who spend time together as friends are assumed to be sleeping together. Insisting that an opposite sex friend is only a rafiki (friend) and not a mpenzi (lover) is usually greeted with doubt and suspicion. Physical affection is almost never expressed in public or even at home (including between husband and wife) so American expressions of even friendly affection can be easily interpreted as sexual.
Of course, you can contrast this view of opposite sex relationships with the frequency of same-sex affection. As I have said before, same-sex hand-holding is quite common among close friends and is never interpreted as sexual.
Anyway, if any of you have the time and money to drop me a line some time it’d be great to hear from you. Also, I will be updating pictures from safari some time later this week.
Baadaye, Josh
Posted: Training Diary
24
October
2006
Well, today’s the first of a 2-day celebration for the end of Ramadan. Everyone gets off of work and school (about half of the population here is Muslim). I also hear that there should be an interesting parade or some such thing to see today. If you did not know, the end of Ramadan requires an observation of the moon, one in which Muslims may disagree. Therefore, I didn’t know until yesterday morning whether or not I would be going to school. Apparently the more conservative Muslim began their celebration yesterday, but I haven’t been able to figure out whether that means Sunni or Shia (the Wahhabi sect is not present here). I have mentioned before that Tanzania is quite tolerant in terms of religion. The fact that everyone is out celebrating today is yet another illustration.
I have only a short time to write today as I spent some time adding a number of links to the site. I have included every one of my fellow trainees who is keeping a blog. So, if you want to know more about the Peace Corps experience here (and from other points of view), please check them out. Also, for a point of information, Jeremy Karnowski and Valerie Kurka are in the same language training group as I am. Unfortuately, I don’t have time to check out everyone else’s blog myself, so if anyone’s trash talking me on their blog, let me know 
Actually, I think everyone here is quite intentionally trying to get along with everyone else. After all, you never know who might be the closest American to your site. As one volunteer told me, even if you initially did not like someone in your training group, if he/she is stationed in your area, he/she will become one of your best friends.
As far as cultural notes are concerned, I wanted to say something about cleanliness here. Tanzania, as I may have mentioned, is an incredibly dusty place. Also, since homes are not air-conditioned, windows (ideally with mosquito gauze) are always open. Therefore, clothes, shoes, floors, everything needs to be cleaned – often. Bathing is done at least twice a day and clothes washed (and ironed) as often as possible – which takes longer by hand I might add. Also, hands are always washed before eating, often in the presence of everyone else. At home, there is a sink in the dining room. It is also common for a pitcher of water and bowl to be used to wash everyone’s hands at the table. At a family meal, the older dada (sister) will often do this for the whole family.
Also related to cleanliness, the left hand is considered to be dirty (sorry southpaws). While toilet paper is available here – in lieu of it, the left hand serves the same purpose (bathrooms usually have a bucket of water, soap and cup for cleaning up). It has been tricky to remember never to hand something to anyone with my left hand. You will get puzzled and slightly embarassed looks if you try. There is an out however. Since you eat food with your right hand, you might wonder how to pass food to someone at the table. Do you use your right hand covered in food? You may use your left hand, however you have to touch at least your left wrist with your right hand. In other words you are handing it to them with “both hands” not your left. At this point of course, it is only a ceremonial gesture and not really related to cleanliness.
After weekly lectures from the medical staff about the wide variety of diseases you can contract from dirty hands or food (“Don’t eat shit” our PCMO Edith always says), I have had no trouble sticking to the local guidelines of cleanliness. I’m pretty sure this is also why I stopped biting my fingernails.
Well, I have to wrap it up with that. I will likely not be able to post this weekend because of the safari to the national park. However, I will try to get back on online early next week to post more pictures. Again, with the new links, I’ve given you plenty more to read.
-Josh
Posted: Training Diary
22
October
2006
I took my mid-term language test (written and oral) last Friday. I’m pretty sure that I’m already ahead of the Peace Corps minimum standard for the End of training. This is not all that surprising since my family here speak little to no English. The volunteers who are able to speak English at home seem to be having a somewhat harder time with the language. Last night was the first night I managed to talk with every member of family – including making some complex plans for today – without any miscommunication. Of course, everytime I get on a language high I pick up a newspaper and realize how much farther I still have to go. Also, since the oral proficiency test went rather well, I got a rather difficult scenario to explain: You are the village doctor giving a seminar on the causes, effects, methods of prevention and treatment for malaria. Ummm, yeah. Since I had not reviewed any medical words before the test, my response went something like this:
First you need to know that there is a bug that bites you. Afterwards you will get a fever. The bug is called “Mosquito anophiles.” First you do not want to be bitten (passive tense was about as fancy as I got here). Second you want to be in your home before night. Third, when you sleep you want to be down in bed. Maybe then you have cloth or some clothes, you want to be down them also. Then you will not be bitten.
Underneath, mosquito, mosquito net, insect repellant, etc. were all beyond me. Anyway, hamna shida (no problem).
I had a chance to meet another PCV named Joshua who lived across the street from my family last year when he went through training. After hearing about his site conditions down in Songea, I have begun to think quite a bit about where I will be sent and what I will do then. I seem to be enjoying training more than most (esp. because I have a great family), however, I’m still getting excited at the prospect of finally getting to my new home for the next two years. I will first get a taste of it when I shadow another volunteer during week 8-9, after which I will travel back to Dar for the first time since my arrival. I hope to be able to schedule meetings with Dr. Kanabar and possibly Mr. Mengi, although I need to find out my own schedule first (always a challenge in the Peace Corps) and then I need to check with them.  Both individuals were introduced to me by Dr. Patel in Tampa (see the Center for Global Understanding link).  The three are involved in the construction of a cardiac research hospital that I hope to write about in some detail later.
In other future news, I will be visiting a national park this weekend with all of the other volunteers, so look for some good animal and scenery pics next time!
In teaching news, I had my first classes in biology this past week. I was given the task of teaching asexual and sexual reproduction, mitosis and meiosis over the next three weeks. As I have written before, I am not a fan of the English-only instruction mandated in the secondary education system here.  Students are forced to review material they have known since they were children but knew only in Kiswahili. The first class I observed covered basic English vocabulary, e.g., Dogs have “puppies” and cats have “kittens.” When I started class, I explained in Swahili to the class, that I wished I could teach them in Swahili but was restricted in my knowledge. Furthermore, I told them that to learn English was good but to learn science was better. I got a resounding positive response – a bit rare for the rather formal educational style there. For example, when the teacher enters, the students stand, say good morning teacher and wait to be told to sit. Also, by way of information, students clean all of the classrooms every morning after the morning parade where they are inspected, do pseudo-military style drills (turn left, turn right, etc.) and sing the school song. Student stand to answer questions and are incredibly precise and neat in their note taking since they have no textbooks. It astounds me that teachers usually consider the students to be lazy and lack discipline, or at least they say as much to me. After sharing a bit about inner city schools in Baltimore city, I hope I put a bit of this in perspective. For example, drugs, weapons and assaults are unheard of at my school – at least to my knowledge.
Anyway, back to my first week of teaching. Much of what I covered was not in the national syllabus but I felt was essential to the subject matter. For example, they are supposed to learn about meiosis now, but not mitosis until next year – the same with genetics and evolution. I decided therefore to cover basic genetics, evolution and cell structure, with some history of evolutionary theory and basic neuroscience thrown in for interest. After that, I had several students continuing to ask me questions after and before school. With week 1 down, I’m feeling good about the job I’ll be asked to do here and I’m working on strategies for dealing with the systematic aspects of the educational system here that still bother me. As for corporal punishment, I’ve had a few teachers ask me about it (much better than thrusting my views on them so early in the relationship) and I was able to talk about postive and negative reinforcement as alternatives to punishment. Negative reinforcement, if you’ve forgotten, is simply the removal of a postive stimulus. I told them that many times, children seek out attention, even negative attention. Ignoring, as much as possible, bad behavior while strongly rewarding good behavior can have far superior results. It is still my hope to present these ideas in written form as a collaborative document with another Tanzanian teacher before the end of training.
To end on a cultural note, I wanted to share a few things about conversational styles in Tanzania, in particular, the white lie. The idea that you can’t just say what you really mean is something that has long bothered me in the United States. In Tanzania the white lie is a way of life and very important to maintaining good relationships. The way you behave, the way you dress and the way you communicate here are reflections of your respect for your environment, not your personal style.  Doing what you want, dressing how you want and speaking your mind are staples of American culture. Here in Tanzania there is much more of a group mentality; the influence of African socialism is still very much in effect here.  You maintain relationships first and foremost. So, for example, you may ask your friend “Are you able to …” not “Would you like to …” or “Do you want to …” Inevitably, you will get a yes, if you ask someone’s preference. However, it is far better to ask if they are able to do somthing, allowing them to tell a white lie if in fact they’d rather be doing something else. Especially since the culture here is age-sensitive, younger people will generally always defer to their elders.  While I have had to learn this when asking my younger sibling what they’d “like” to do. I have also had to learn this with respect to my teaching colleagues at school. Any offer of friendship (even something small like meeting for dinner or coffee) is not likely to ever be repeated unless it is turned down with a barrage of excuses. “I’m very sorry it’s out of my control & etc.” To not tell small lies, is just plain rude here and will make it difficult to integrate. Of course, there is also the opposite problem.  If someone offers to ”buy” you something (even just a soda or beer) this is usually a come-on. To accept it, is to imply that you are interested in the person.  Men and women (unless they have a reason to know each other – for example, family or work colleagues) are usually not friends and do not socialize. With unwanted advances the best advice is actually not to be polite. Be direct, maybe even a little rude or else you might be stringing someone along. Since someone of the opposite sex is not likely to become just your “friend” anyway, don’t bother with the white lies.
Anyway, with one month in Morogoro down and with the language training half-way done that’s all for now. Â
Josh
P.S. the only letters I got last week were political mailers.  Getting only junk mail – I’m not counting yours, future judge Moody 
 - was a bit of a downer. Clippings, pics, anything would make my week. Thanks also for your comments on the posts. It’s great to hear from you all! Sorry I’m unable to send more personal responses. Love, JÂ
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Posted: Training Diary
15
October
2006
This past week, I had my first experience of actually feeling like a Tanzanian. I was on the daladala (crowded mini-bus public transport) with kaka yangu (my brother) when the conductor jingled his change signalling that it was time to pay. For an adult to ride into town, the cost is sh. 200=/ (or around 15 cents). For my brother who is a student and has to stand and get shuffled around as people board the daladala, the cost is sh. 50=/. I gave the driver 300 and asked him for my change. “Nipe chenji tafadhali.” He then tried to argue that my brother had to be charged 100. After asserting myself, I turned to my neighbor and said, “anafikiri sijui” (He thinks I don’t know). Everyone started cracking up and I got my change back with a lame explanation in lieu of an apology – hamna shida (no problem). While it may seem petty if not bizarre to argue over such a sum, the Peace Corps insists that we act like Tanzanians when it comes to spending money. That means we need to haggle over food prices at the market and insist that we pay the same price as everyone else. With the socialist sentiments still strong among the Tanzanians, this is not unreasonable. And, for the most part, people do not try to rip you off, especially if you greet them properly and use good Kiswahili. Although everyone has to haggle over food prices at the market – it’s just the way.
Other than daladala rides and some fruit and vegetable purchases, I’ve also bought 3 shirts and fabric for a 4th. The best African style shirt should cost somewhere between sh. 10,000=/ and 15,000=/ or roughly between $8-13 dollars. Needless to say I wish I spent less in the U.S. on clothes before I came. Although I was here a while, before I had the skills to shop and I still needed to dress properly.
In other news, it looks like I’ve figured out how to put pictures online! It is incredibly slow however, so I’m putting up far less than I actually have. Anyway, please check them out when you get a chance. I don’t know if I’ll have the time to add to them every week – I’m spending a bit more time online than I usually have.
One of the picture is from my visit last Sunday to the village of Mlali. It was first communion day and it was festive everywhere. Families and friends of the children paraded through the streets with the children on their shoulders. People danced, played the drums, horns and some even crowded onto trucks and drove down the main street. I went with my mama, mama mdogo (mother’s younger sister), kaka (brother) and young dada (sister). I met some of mama’s family and then went to communion party being thrown by one of her friends. After hanging out for about 15 min., the father of the 2 daughters came up to me and requested that I sit up front with the family. I was the first time I’ve been really singled out for being a Mzungu (white person) – of course there’s also a tradition of honoring wageni (visitors). However, after everyone in the family was called up front with a song to be fed cake by the children, they then called me up singing mzungu, mzungo . . . I was called up to eat first with the family as well. Again, it wasn’t unpleasant, but definitely strange.
Returning again to some of the issues that have come up at school, I have continued to have a dialogue with the headmistress and some of the other teachers at my school about corporal punishment. I have decided to start work on a collaborative paper (with some of the other teachers) attacking the widely held assumption that punishment actually works to modify behavior – sidestepping the question about whether it is desirable, moral, etc. If those of you interested in the behavioral sciences would like to send me some helpful citations and quotations on this point, I have little in the way of facilities and time for this kind of research project. What I am producing will be a short pedagogical tract to be translated into Kiswahil, initially sent around secondary schools in Morogoro and perhaps later used in Peace Corps training materials. This is my goal anyway. Again, please email me any suggestions at josh@joshualevens.com
Posted: Training Diary
7
October
2006
Unlike any other culture I’ve encountered, Tanzanian people have possibly the most scripted forms of greetings one can imagine. For a foreigner still struggling with the language, this can be quite a relief. I have to imagine that Social Anxiety Disorder would be almost completely unknown in Tanzania, since no one ever has to guess what the appropriate thing to do or say might be.
If you meet someone at least 4 years older, you say “Shikamoo” (pronounced shih-kah-moe) – to which they will reply “Marahaba.” Roughly this means: “I respect you older person” and “you are blessed for your respect.” No to an American this would be incredibly awkward as being confused for am older person is a terrible insult. In Tanzania, people “want” to be old. It means you get respect, it means you are intelligent. There is a seniority system here more than there is a meritocracy.
In addition, Tanzanian greetings are frequent and longer than Americans are used to. Habari za kazi nyumbani (“News of your home?) or ‘za kazi (How’s work) or Mambo? (Things?) may all be repeated in succession with the same kinds of responses: “Nzuri” or “Njema” (Fine/OK). This is to cement relationships, not to convey information. Even if you just saw someone, 30 minutes ago, you might repeat all of these (time permitting of course – Tanzanians get busy just like everyone else). Handshakes are held longer and hand holding may commence after a greeting between two good friends if they are going somewhere together. Now, not everyone greets everyone on the street. Generally greetings are reserved for people that know each other. However, as a Mzungu (white person) I often get stares which I use as a reason to greet someone – especially children.
In my own neighborhood, I come home from school every day to a horde of children chanting Shikamoo who take anything I am carrying and run on ahead of me to my house. Mama and Baba get a Shikamoo every morning and every evening – and I receive the same from my younger siblings. At school, I greet every teacher every morning with at least 1-3 of the Habari-Nzuri exchanges, I do the same with a smaller number at chai (tea), chakula cha mchana (lunch) and before I leave for the day. Even if they are not around, it is customary to say Kwa heri (goodbye) to whichever teacher is still around before I come home for the day.
Actual conversations are still rather superficial at this point, unless I feel energetic enough for a display of bilingual (Swinglish) charades – but greeting is still important. It is a sign of respect of the people around you and immediately puts Tanzanians at ease. Especially because I am completely incapable of keeping up with their often indirect (passive-aggressive an American might think) way of communicating, proper greetings are especially important.
Beyond that I have negotiated many of the basic life skills here as well: cooking with a small charcoal stove, washing clothes by hand, buying a bus trip into town (a crowded microbus called a daladala), and even (as of yesterday) haggling over produce at the market. The price usually gets cut in more than half when you speak (even bad) Kiswahili and suggest that “Ahh. Mbona ghali sana?” “Why is is so expensive?”
In other personal news, my time is full but rewarding – this particular post is being squeezed in so I can take a daladala back to my home before 7:00, after which it is not safe to be out by myself. However, my family here is great (esp. after hearing a few horror stories from other trainees) and I’m loving every minute here. Sorry again that I cannot write more and respond more. You can snail mail however. Caitlin, I got your letter, thanks! I’ll try to start writing myself, although, as I said, I don’t really have much unaccounted for time. I love and miss you all! Josh
Posted: Training Diary
7
October
2006
Although it’s only been a couple of weeks, through reading, talking with teachers and staff, and direct observation, I’ve come to a few conclusions about the Tanzanian system of secondary education.
While primary education is now free (provided the family can spare the home labor and can afford uniforms), secondary education still faces the problems of limited space in classrooms, limited numbers of teachers (esp. in the sciences and mathematics – hence our Peace Corps program), and the existance of school fees that make education unaffordable for some. Also, a number of teachers have yet to be paid, adding to overall low morale. Of course, I will be unable to do anything about any of the above problems. Within my control, however, is the issue of language of instruction. For all secondary schools, that language is English rather than Kiswahili. What that means practically, is that students are failing to achieve conceptual knowledge of the sciences because they are forced to learn, study and test in a language that is usually their 3rd or perhaps their fourth. My own goal therefore is to become as proficient in Kiswahili as possible to conduct all conceptual discussions in a familiar language. Only after mastery is achieved, will I concern myself much with the English necessary for the students to pass their national exams (by far their greatest concern).
Also, of great importance to me personally is the issue of corporal punishment – quite common in my school and in Tanzania more generally (although not universal). While I lack the current level of swahili to mount much of a protest (one that will be taken seriously at least), I plan on becoming a vigorous advocate of positive reinforcement training. I have met a number of host country nationals and even teachers and administrators who share this view so this is not entirely an uphill battle. I believe that violence produces fear and aggression in students. while complex behavioral tasks are best achieved through particularly designed schedules od reinforcement contingencies – to be scientific about it. Colloquially, you teach a dog to do tricks by rewarding far more effectively than by beating – the same is true with people. On these two issues, I hope to make a specific impact.
For now, that means, first and foremost: Kiswahili, Kiswahili, Kiswahili.
Which is going quite well by the way.
Posted: Training Diary
1
October
2006
Wow! It’s amazing to think what a short time I’ve been here. Last week I could barely greet people in Kiswahili and now I converse (albeit poorly) with my host family and am actually understood. Anyway, let me back up.
Last Sunday (Jumapili) I met my host family: baba yangu (my dad) is called Andrew Peter and his wife mama yangu (my mom) is Sara. I have a little kaka (brother) named Peter and a little dada (sister) named Mary. I also have an older (than me? probably not although I haven’t gotten everyone’s ages) dada who has a child (mtoto). I don’t know if she’s related to the family by blood or if she is employed. Tanzanian relationships are quite difficult to disentangle since everyone is a mama, baba, dada, kaka, bibi (older woman/grandmother) au babu (older man, grandfather). Also, did I mention I’ve been speaking Kiswahili for about a week?
I am incredibly fortunate to have the family I do. They are young, energetic, friendly, and willing to play charades in order to communicate with me all day long (they understand English kidogo – a little). Many of you will be surprised to hear that I went to their Catholic church with them this morning. They have gone out of their way to avoid discussions of religion (not typical for a Tanzanian) and made it clear that I did not have to go to church (many of my cohorts were not given that choice by their families). I have been so touched by their immediate integration of me into their family that I pulled baba aside and said I would go provided it was OK for me to sing only and not pray. He was extremely kind and has started taking my hand when we walk (a sign of great affection and common with the same sex, although not between the sexes).
My typical day here starts at about 5:00 am when I am usually woken up first by the call to prayer from the mosque (christians and muslims get along really well here) and followed shortly by rooster calls which usually keep me from sleeping past 5:30. I then put on my crocs and go to the pit latrine/shower, which is indoors at my house. My family also has electricity which is good but not entirely atypical for the middle class in Morogoro – although rolling blackouts are also common. After a brief army-style cold shower (which I prefer to the bucket bath), I buff my shoes, iron my shirt and pants and go to breakfast which is usually coffee, orange juice, bread and butter-jam, and maybe a boiled egg or chapati (Indian style fried bread).
I then go to school around 7:15. Baba is a driver for the Presidential Trust Fund by profession and often drives me to school. Otherwise it is a 15 minute walk. Along with three other PCTs (Peace Corps trainees), we have language class with a tutor all day and often have time to chat with other teachers at our secondary school. In a couple of weeks I will be practice teaching a form I (out of VI total) biology class on the subject of infectious disease.
Both tea and lunch are taken at the school and I then will walk home before dinner. The family and I will maybe play games, dance, watch TV, clean up or just chat before I crash (hard), usually by 9:30-10:00. This is by far the most regular-healthy schedule I’ve ever kept (as most of you know). I even noticed yesterday that I’ve stopped biting my nails. Cleanliness is extremely important here as is personal appearance. One’s dress in Tanzania is a sign of your respect for your surroundings, not a sign of your own personal style, as in the States.
Otherwise, all is going great with me. I’m sorry that it will likely be a while before I post pictures (I’m not yet comfortable waving an expensive camera around) or get a cell phone. When I do get a phone, however, it seems that prices for calling from Tanzania are pretty reasonable. Text messages to the US, for example, are 10 cents. Anyway, my time is running short. I’m sorry that I cannot write you all personal emails. If you post comments to my site that might be better. However, as some of you have noticed, the first post has to wait until I can get online and approve. After that you can post at will. Love y’all, miss y’all, wish you were here, Josh
Posted: Training Diary
